👉 Inversion of I/O (Io) is a programming technique where the order of operations is reversed compared to sequential I/O, optimizing performance by reducing the number of I/O operations needed for tasks like data retrieval or writing. Instead of reading from or writing to memory in a straightforward manner, the program first accesses the data from storage or sends it out, then processes the result. This approach minimizes disk or network I/O calls, which are typically slow, thereby enhancing efficiency, especially in applications dealing with large datasets or frequent I/O operations. For example, in a database query, instead of reading rows one by one and processing them sequentially, an Io-based approach might fetch all necessary data into memory at once, followed by immediate processing, significantly speeding up the overall operation.
